Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 M.A. in clinical counseling, Azad University of Ahvaz
2 M.A. in family counseling, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
10.61838/kman.ijecs.4.3.2
Abstract
It has been well established that personality traits and self-compassion are associated with psychological well-being, thus, the current research aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms in a collectivist culture. One hundred and fifty college students were chosen and filled out Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale, the NEO Personality Inventory, and Neff's Self-Compassion Scale. The results of correlation analysis showed that there were significant relationships between the personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) and self-compassion (self-kindness, isolation, mindfulness, and the total score of self-compassion) with psychological well-being. The regression analysis showed that neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness significantly predicted psychological well-being. The cultural implications and future orientations have been discussed.
Keywords
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Apostolou, M. (2016). An evolutionary account of the prevalence of personality traits that impair intimate relationships. Personality and Individual Differences, 94, 140-148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.01.024
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Chaturvedula, S., & Joseph, C. (2007). Dimensions of psychological well-being and personality in military aircrew: A preliminary study. Indian Journal of Aerospace Medicine, 51(2), 17-27.
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Gerocy Farshi, M. T., & Soufiyani, H. (2008). Relationship between health and personality of students. Journal of Ferdosi University, 2, 47-63. [Persian]
Gilbert, P. (2005). Compassion: Conceptualizations, research and use in psychotherapy. New York: Routledge.
Grant, S., Langan-Fox, J., & Anglim, J. (2009). The big five traits as predictors of subjective and psychological well-Being. Psychological Reports, 105(1), 205-231. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2466/PR0.105.1.205-231
Gunnel, K. E., Mosewich, A. D., McEwen, C. E., Eklund, R. C., & Crocker, P. R. E. (2016). Don't be so hard on yourself! Changes in self-compassion during the first year of university are associated with changes in well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 107(1), 43–48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.11.032
Hassani, M., Shohoudi, M., & Mirghasemi, S. J. (2016). The study of relationships between Moral Intelligence and Self-efficiency with Psychological Well-Being among martyr’s wife and offspring of Urmia University. Iranian Journal of Bioethics, 6(19), 155-180. [Persian]
Homan, K. J. (2016). Self-compassion and psychological well-being in older adults. Journal of Adult Development, 23, 111–119. DOI: 10.1007/s10804-016-9227-8
Iman, M. T., & Marhamati, N. (2014). Sociological explanation of youths' trend toward modern life styles in Shiraz. Practical Sociology, 25(55), 1-20. [Persian]
Játiva, R., & Cerezo, M. A. (2014). The mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between victimization and psychological maladjustment in a sample of adolescents. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(7), 1180–1190. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.04.005
Jelodari, A., Kohansal, T., & Zarifi, S. (2015). Testing the model of the relationship between emotional intelligence and life satisfaction: The mediation role of self-esteem and perceived social support. A B.A. thesis in counseling, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran.
Jeon, H., Lee, K., & Kwon, S. (2016). Investigation of the structural relationships between social support, self-compassion, and subjective well-being in Korean elite student athletes. Psychological Reports, 119(1), 39-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294116658226
Khanjani, M., Shahidi, S., Fat'h Abadi, M., Mazaheri, M., & Shokri, A. (2014). Factorial structure and psychometric properties of Ryff's Well-being Scale- Short Form (18-item) among male and female college students. Thoughts and Behavior in Clinical Psychology, 17(3), 27-36. [Persian]
Klainin-Yobas, P., Ramirez, D., Fernandez, Z., Sarmiento, J., Thanoi, W., …, & Lau, Y. (2016). Examining the predicting effect of mindfulness on psychological well-being among undergraduate students: A structural equation modelling approach. Personality and Individual Differences, 91, 63-68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.11.034
Kokko, K., Tolvanen, A., Pulkkinen, L. (2015). Associations between personality traits and psychological well-being across time in middle adulthood. Journal of Research in Personality, 6, 748–756. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2013.07.002
Lihua, Z., Gui, C., Yanghua, J., Liqiong, L., & Jian, C. (2017). Self-compassion and Confucian coping as a predictor of depression and anxiety in impoverished Chinese undergraduates. Psychological Reports, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294117700857
Momani, K., Akbari, M., Hosaini, H., & Karami, S. (2014). The role of personality traits and resiliency in prediction of nurses' psychological well-being. Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 7(4), 5-6. [Persian]
Neff, K. D. (2003a). Development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2, 223-250. DOI: 10.1080/15298860390209035
Neff, K. D. (2003b). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2, 85-102. DOI: 10.1080/15298860309032
Neff, K. D., & Costigan, A. P. (2014). Mitgefühl mit sich selbst, Wohlbefinden und Glücklichsein. Psychologie und Glücklichsein, 2(3), 114-119.
Nouri, A., Shokri, O., & Sharifi, M. (2013). Occupational stress and affective well-being among teachers: testing the mediating effects of Occupational self-efficacy beliefs. Journal of Applied Psychology, 7(4), 59-76. [Persian]
Office of the Surgeon General, Center for Mental Health Services, & National Institute of Mental Health (2011). Mental Health: Culture, Race, and Ethnicity: A Supplement to Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US); Chapter 2 Culture Counts: The Influence of Culture and Society on Mental Health. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK44249/
Othman, C. N., Bahri Yusof, M. S., Din, A. D., & Zakaria, A. (2016). Emotional intelligence and personality traits in relation to psychological health among pharmacy students in Malaysia. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 222(23), 253-262. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.154
Pandya, M. M., & Korat, N. R. (2015). Personality traits and psychological well-being among youths of Rajkot district. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 2(2), 19-23.
Ryff, C. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1069–1081.
Ryff, C., & Keyes, C. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 719–727. PMID: 7473027
Shabani, R., Mahmudi, Gh., Bonab, B., Emamipur, S., & Sepah Mansur, M. (2015). Predicting psychological well-being based on attachment styles and self-compassion among mothers of preliminary school children of Orumieh city. Woman and Family Studies, 27, 73-94.
Shehni Yailagh, M., Shojaei, A., Behrouzi, N., & Maktabi, Gh. (2011). The relationship of emotional intelligence and social skills with psychological well-being among female students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Journal of Psychological Gains, 4(1), 73-92. [Persian]
Shokri, O., Kadivar, P., & Daneshvarpur, Z. (2007). Gender differences in subjective well-being: The role of personality traits. Journal of Iranian Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, 13(3), 280-289. [Persian]
Singh, A.K., Singh, S., & Singh, A. P. (2012). Does trait predict psychological well-being among students of professional courses? Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 38(2), 234-241.
Sun, X., Chan, D.W., & Chan, L. (2016). Self-compassion and psychological well-being among adolescents in Hong Kong: Exploring gender differences. Personality and Individual Differences, 101, 288–292. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.06.011
Vakili Mobarakeh, M. R., Juhari, R., Yaakob, S. N., Redzuan, M., & Iranpour Mobarakeh, S. (2015). The effects of personality traits and psychological well-being among Iranian adolescent migrants in Kuala-Lumpur, Malaysia. Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 7(1), 25-28. DOI: 10.9790/0837-20712528
Veenhoven, R. (2013). Happiness in nation's world database of happiness, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Available at http://worlddatabaseofhappiness.eur.nl/hap nat/nat fp.php?mode=1 (accessed 9 June).
Wahedi, Sh., & Ahmadian, R. (2013). The relationship between aspects of religious identity and religiosity with psychological well-being of college students. Journal of Psychology and Religion, 4(28), 91-107. [Persian]
Weiss, A.S. (1987). Psychological distress and well-being in Hare Krishnas. Psychological Reports, 61(1), 23-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1987.61.1.23
Apostolou, M. (2016). An evolutionary account of the prevalence of personality traits that impair intimate relationships. Personality and Individual Differences, 94, 140-148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.01.024
Barnard, L. K., & Curry, J. F. (2011). Self-compassion: Conceptualizations, correlates, & interventions. Review of General Psychology, 15(4), 289-303. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0025754
Chaturvedula, S., & Joseph, C. (2007). Dimensions of psychological well-being and personality in military aircrew: A preliminary study. Indian Journal of Aerospace Medicine, 51(2), 17-27.
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1985). The NEO Personality Inventory manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Diener, E., & Tov, W. (2009). Culture and well-being. In: Diener, E., Glatzer, W., Moum, T., Sprangers, M.A. G., Vogel, J., & Veenhoven, R. (eds). The collected works of Ed Diener. London: Springer, 9–42.
Diener, E., Glatzer, W., Moum, T., Sprangers, M. A. G., Vogel, J., & Veenhoven, R. (2009). Culture and well-being. In: The collected works of Ed Diener. London: Springer.
Gerocy Farshi, M. T. (2001). New approaches to evaluating personality. Tabriz: Jame Pajuh Press. [Persian]
Gerocy Farshi, M. T., & Soufiyani, H. (2008). Relationship between health and personality of students. Journal of Ferdosi University, 2, 47-63. [Persian]
Gilbert, P. (2005). Compassion: Conceptualizations, research and use in psychotherapy. New York: Routledge.
Grant, S., Langan-Fox, J., & Anglim, J. (2009). The big five traits as predictors of subjective and psychological well-Being. Psychological Reports, 105(1), 205-231. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2466/PR0.105.1.205-231
Gunnel, K. E., Mosewich, A. D., McEwen, C. E., Eklund, R. C., & Crocker, P. R. E. (2016). Don't be so hard on yourself! Changes in self-compassion during the first year of university are associated with changes in well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 107(1), 43–48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.11.032
Hassani, M., Shohoudi, M., & Mirghasemi, S. J. (2016). The study of relationships between Moral Intelligence and Self-efficiency with Psychological Well-Being among martyr’s wife and offspring of Urmia University. Iranian Journal of Bioethics, 6(19), 155-180. [Persian]
Homan, K. J. (2016). Self-compassion and psychological well-being in older adults. Journal of Adult Development, 23, 111–119. DOI: 10.1007/s10804-016-9227-8
Iman, M. T., & Marhamati, N. (2014). Sociological explanation of youths' trend toward modern life styles in Shiraz. Practical Sociology, 25(55), 1-20. [Persian]
Játiva, R., & Cerezo, M. A. (2014). The mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between victimization and psychological maladjustment in a sample of adolescents. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(7), 1180–1190. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.04.005
Jelodari, A., Kohansal, T., & Zarifi, S. (2015). Testing the model of the relationship between emotional intelligence and life satisfaction: The mediation role of self-esteem and perceived social support. A B.A. thesis in counseling, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran.
Jeon, H., Lee, K., & Kwon, S. (2016). Investigation of the structural relationships between social support, self-compassion, and subjective well-being in Korean elite student athletes. Psychological Reports, 119(1), 39-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294116658226
Khanjani, M., Shahidi, S., Fat'h Abadi, M., Mazaheri, M., & Shokri, A. (2014). Factorial structure and psychometric properties of Ryff's Well-being Scale- Short Form (18-item) among male and female college students. Thoughts and Behavior in Clinical Psychology, 17(3), 27-36. [Persian]
Klainin-Yobas, P., Ramirez, D., Fernandez, Z., Sarmiento, J., Thanoi, W., …, & Lau, Y. (2016). Examining the predicting effect of mindfulness on psychological well-being among undergraduate students: A structural equation modelling approach. Personality and Individual Differences, 91, 63-68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.11.034
Kokko, K., Tolvanen, A., Pulkkinen, L. (2015). Associations between personality traits and psychological well-being across time in middle adulthood. Journal of Research in Personality, 6, 748–756. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2013.07.002
Lihua, Z., Gui, C., Yanghua, J., Liqiong, L., & Jian, C. (2017). Self-compassion and Confucian coping as a predictor of depression and anxiety in impoverished Chinese undergraduates. Psychological Reports, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294117700857
Momani, K., Akbari, M., Hosaini, H., & Karami, S. (2014). The role of personality traits and resiliency in prediction of nurses' psychological well-being. Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 7(4), 5-6. [Persian]
Neff, K. D. (2003a). Development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2, 223-250. DOI: 10.1080/15298860390209035
Neff, K. D. (2003b). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2, 85-102. DOI: 10.1080/15298860309032
Neff, K. D., & Costigan, A. P. (2014). Mitgefühl mit sich selbst, Wohlbefinden und Glücklichsein. Psychologie und Glücklichsein, 2(3), 114-119.
Nouri, A., Shokri, O., & Sharifi, M. (2013). Occupational stress and affective well-being among teachers: testing the mediating effects of Occupational self-efficacy beliefs. Journal of Applied Psychology, 7(4), 59-76. [Persian]
Office of the Surgeon General, Center for Mental Health Services, & National Institute of Mental Health (2011). Mental Health: Culture, Race, and Ethnicity: A Supplement to Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US); Chapter 2 Culture Counts: The Influence of Culture and Society on Mental Health. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK44249/
Othman, C. N., Bahri Yusof, M. S., Din, A. D., & Zakaria, A. (2016). Emotional intelligence and personality traits in relation to psychological health among pharmacy students in Malaysia. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 222(23), 253-262. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.154
Pandya, M. M., & Korat, N. R. (2015). Personality traits and psychological well-being among youths of Rajkot district. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 2(2), 19-23.
Ryff, C. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1069–1081.
Ryff, C., & Keyes, C. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 719–727. PMID: 7473027
Shabani, R., Mahmudi, Gh., Bonab, B., Emamipur, S., & Sepah Mansur, M. (2015). Predicting psychological well-being based on attachment styles and self-compassion among mothers of preliminary school children of Orumieh city. Woman and Family Studies, 27, 73-94.
Shehni Yailagh, M., Shojaei, A., Behrouzi, N., & Maktabi, Gh. (2011). The relationship of emotional intelligence and social skills with psychological well-being among female students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Journal of Psychological Gains, 4(1), 73-92. [Persian]
Shokri, O., Kadivar, P., & Daneshvarpur, Z. (2007). Gender differences in subjective well-being: The role of personality traits. Journal of Iranian Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, 13(3), 280-289. [Persian]
Singh, A.K., Singh, S., & Singh, A. P. (2012). Does trait predict psychological well-being among students of professional courses? Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 38(2), 234-241.
Sun, X., Chan, D.W., & Chan, L. (2016). Self-compassion and psychological well-being among adolescents in Hong Kong: Exploring gender differences. Personality and Individual Differences, 101, 288–292. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.06.011
Vakili Mobarakeh, M. R., Juhari, R., Yaakob, S. N., Redzuan, M., & Iranpour Mobarakeh, S. (2015). The effects of personality traits and psychological well-being among Iranian adolescent migrants in Kuala-Lumpur, Malaysia. Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 7(1), 25-28. DOI: 10.9790/0837-20712528
Veenhoven, R. (2013). Happiness in nation's world database of happiness, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Available at http://worlddatabaseofhappiness.eur.nl/hap nat/nat fp.php?mode=1 (accessed 9 June).
Wahedi, Sh., & Ahmadian, R. (2013). The relationship between aspects of religious identity and religiosity with psychological well-being of college students. Journal of Psychology and Religion, 4(28), 91-107. [Persian]
Weiss, A.S. (1987). Psychological distress and well-being in Hare Krishnas. Psychological Reports, 61(1), 23-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1987.61.1.23
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